Difference between revisions of "Racism"

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Categorism [[foci of categorism|focused]] on a categorization by race, ethnicity, skin-color or similar. Includes targeting foci such as [[antiromanism]] and [[afrophobia]]. (In Swedish: rasism)
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Racism is the archetypal [[foci of categorism]], so much so that the word racism is sometimes used as synonymous with categorism itself. This gives us both a wide and a narrow definition of racism.
  
Note that while categorism based on nationality is [[The Piñata Effect|usually categorized as]] racism, this site makes a strict distinction between:
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* Racism - wide definition: [[Expressions of categorism|Prejudice, bigotry and discrimination]] [[levels of context and hegemony|at any level]], [[Foci|based on a categorization of people]], whichever this categorization may be – [[ageism]] can be called “age racism”, [[sexism]] can be called “sex racism”, and so on.  
* A.) Categorism based on concepts of race, ethnicity or skin-color - here called '''racism'''.
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* B.) Categorism based on concepts of nationality - here called '''[[apartwelt]]'''.
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==Interactions==
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* Racism - narrow definition: [[Expressions of categorism|Prejudice, bigotry and discrimination]] [[levels of context and hegemony|at any level]], [[Foci|based on a categorization of people]], when this categorization is one of “race” or ethnicity or skin color or similar.
  
Racism expressed through [[facets of categorism]] such as...
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The narrow definition is by far the most common. When the wider definition is used, it's usually simply for the lack of a better word: The word [[categorism]] is much less well known than the word racism, and the word [[bigotry]] has some very limiting connotations.
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When people argue over what the word “racism” should mean, it's usually because one side or both is trying to limit the definition to only include a certain [[Levels of context and hegemony
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|level of context]]. One side trying to limit the definition of racism so that it would apply only to the micro level, reducing racism to be only about bigoted individuals and bullying in small groups – which [[invisibilization| invisibilizes]] society's [[Levels_of_context_and_hegemony#Cases_versus_systemic|systemic]] racism. Meanwhile, another side trying to limit the definition of racism so that the term would apply only to racist structures which are traditionally hegemonic in a specific macro scale context – usually [[False universalization#The Universal United States of America| the United States of America]].
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Racism is strongly intertwined with the [[Kyriarchy#foci of kyriarchy | foci of kyriarchy]] known as [[Kyriarchy#colonialism | colonialism]], [[Kyriarchy#racist_slavery | racist slavery]], [[Kyriarchy#Apartheid_.2F_Segregation | apartheid/segregation]] and [[Kyriarchy#Apartwelt | apartwelt]].
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As a [[foci of categorism|focus of categorism]], racism is a broad categorization focus. It contains several sub-foci, both of the categorization kind and of the targeting kind. Categorization foci within racism includes categorism foci such as colorism, cultural racism and race-biologism, se below. [[Apartweltism]] can also be categorized as a sub-focus of racism. Targeting foci within racism includes categorism foci such as [[afrophobia]] , [[antiromanism]], [[orientalism]], [[occidentalism]] and [[gingerism]]. [[Antisemitism]] and [[antimuslimism]] are sub-foci of racism when Jews and Muslims are viewed as a matter of “race”, but are instead sub-foci of religism when Jews and Muslims are viewed as a matter of religious community or faith.
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==colorism==
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Racism based on skin-color. May target specific colors or entire color spectrums. When targeting more than one spectrum, it's typically about having separate sets of prejudices for those who have darker skin (than the person or social community which holds the prejudice) and for those who have lighter.
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==cultural racism==
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Racism based on ethnic/cultural background. By presenting a culture as if it was a [[monolithization|monolith]] which you should be either for or against, cultural racism against people of a certain culture can be done ''both'' by presenting the targeted culture as “inferior” ''and'' by presenting it as “not inferior” while highlighting something which is oppressive or otherwise harmful within a culture. The first option burdens the people in the targeted culture with [[collective guilt]] and [[stigmatization]] or even open [[infantilization]]. The second option seeks instead to [[normalization|normalize]] all violence and oppression and categorism done to members of the targeted culture - as long as the people who do the violence and oppression and categorism belong to the same culture.
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==race-biologism==
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Racism based on pseudoscience notions of “biological races”. [[Racism grew from religism]], blooming into a complete pseudoscience which was very popular in the first half of the twentieth century. This set of ideas includes ideas of the Jewish minority being a distinct biological race, which is why [[antisemitism]] can be seen as a form of racism as well as a form of [[religism]].
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==Interactions==
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Racism expressed through [[expressions of categorism]] such as...
 
* ''[[Hate-crimes]]'': A white supremacist group spreading hateful propaganda against people of color, escalating to incite violence.
 
* ''[[Hate-crimes]]'': A white supremacist group spreading hateful propaganda against people of color, escalating to incite violence.
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* ''[[Stigmatization]]'':  Associating dark skin with all kinds of negative traits.
  
 
==Racism in example texts==
 
==Racism in example texts==
 
 
* [[A frivolous arrest]]: The woman is most likely targeted for (although not only for) her race. The copcaller as well as the cops are somewhat likely to have negative stereotypes about people of color in general and particularly against the non-white person in any mixed race relationship.
 
* [[A frivolous arrest]]: The woman is most likely targeted for (although not only for) her race. The copcaller as well as the cops are somewhat likely to have negative stereotypes about people of color in general and particularly against the non-white person in any mixed race relationship.
 
* [[Flexible bullies]]: While the bullying against Suzie and Jenny is racism on the individual and group level, the bullying against Suzie is also connected to racism on the structural and systemic levels.
 
* [[Flexible bullies]]: While the bullying against Suzie and Jenny is racism on the individual and group level, the bullying against Suzie is also connected to racism on the structural and systemic levels.

Revision as of 21:09, 15 February 2021

Racism is the archetypal foci of categorism, so much so that the word racism is sometimes used as synonymous with categorism itself. This gives us both a wide and a narrow definition of racism.

The narrow definition is by far the most common. When the wider definition is used, it's usually simply for the lack of a better word: The word categorism is much less well known than the word racism, and the word bigotry has some very limiting connotations.

When people argue over what the word “racism” should mean, it's usually because one side or both is trying to limit the definition to only include a certain [[Levels of context and hegemony |level of context]]. One side trying to limit the definition of racism so that it would apply only to the micro level, reducing racism to be only about bigoted individuals and bullying in small groups – which invisibilizes society's systemic racism. Meanwhile, another side trying to limit the definition of racism so that the term would apply only to racist structures which are traditionally hegemonic in a specific macro scale context – usually the United States of America.

Racism is strongly intertwined with the foci of kyriarchy known as colonialism, racist slavery, apartheid/segregation and apartwelt.

As a focus of categorism, racism is a broad categorization focus. It contains several sub-foci, both of the categorization kind and of the targeting kind. Categorization foci within racism includes categorism foci such as colorism, cultural racism and race-biologism, se below. Apartweltism can also be categorized as a sub-focus of racism. Targeting foci within racism includes categorism foci such as afrophobia , antiromanism, orientalism, occidentalism and gingerism. Antisemitism and antimuslimism are sub-foci of racism when Jews and Muslims are viewed as a matter of “race”, but are instead sub-foci of religism when Jews and Muslims are viewed as a matter of religious community or faith.

colorism

Racism based on skin-color. May target specific colors or entire color spectrums. When targeting more than one spectrum, it's typically about having separate sets of prejudices for those who have darker skin (than the person or social community which holds the prejudice) and for those who have lighter.

cultural racism

Racism based on ethnic/cultural background. By presenting a culture as if it was a monolith which you should be either for or against, cultural racism against people of a certain culture can be done both by presenting the targeted culture as “inferior” and by presenting it as “not inferior” while highlighting something which is oppressive or otherwise harmful within a culture. The first option burdens the people in the targeted culture with collective guilt and stigmatization or even open infantilization. The second option seeks instead to normalize all violence and oppression and categorism done to members of the targeted culture - as long as the people who do the violence and oppression and categorism belong to the same culture.

race-biologism

Racism based on pseudoscience notions of “biological races”. Racism grew from religism, blooming into a complete pseudoscience which was very popular in the first half of the twentieth century. This set of ideas includes ideas of the Jewish minority being a distinct biological race, which is why antisemitism can be seen as a form of racism as well as a form of religism.

Interactions

Racism expressed through expressions of categorism such as...

  • Hate-crimes: A white supremacist group spreading hateful propaganda against people of color, escalating to incite violence.
  • Stigmatization: Associating dark skin with all kinds of negative traits.

Racism in example texts

  • A frivolous arrest: The woman is most likely targeted for (although not only for) her race. The copcaller as well as the cops are somewhat likely to have negative stereotypes about people of color in general and particularly against the non-white person in any mixed race relationship.
  • Flexible bullies: While the bullying against Suzie and Jenny is racism on the individual and group level, the bullying against Suzie is also connected to racism on the structural and systemic levels.