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      <id>1396</id>
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      <comment>/* Foci of categorism */</comment>
      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="2945">'''Categorism is &quot;[[Expressions of categorism|prejudice, bigotry and discrimination]] [[levels of context and hegemony|at any level]], [[Foci|based on a categorization of people]]&quot;.''' 

While the phenomenon here called &quot;categorism&quot; is more commonly known either as &quot;[[racism]]&quot; or as &quot;[[bigotry]]&quot;, such a wide definition is not the most common useage of either of these two words. It is more common to use each of these two words in more speciffic/narrow sense: Racism being categorism based on categorizing people into different races or skin-colors (a [[foci of categorism]]), bigotry being categorist emotional states (an [[expression of categorism]]).  

==[[Expressions of categorism]]==
&quot;'''[[Prejudice]]'''&quot; refers to unjustified beliefs beyond preconceptions, &quot;'''[[bigotry]]'''&quot; refer to emotional states such as hate/fear/supremacism, and &quot;'''[[discrimination]]'''&quot; refers to actions such as mistreating innocent individuals or implementing policies which causes mistreatment of innocent individuals. [[Prejudice]], [[bigotry]] and [[discrimination]] against a category of people are the three archetypical expressions of categorism, which can be done in many different ways. For example by [[stigmatization|stigmatizing]] people or by [[exploitation|exploiting]] them.

==[[Levels of context and hegemony]]==
When categorism is done, it is done in a social context. This context can be interaction between two or a few individuals (micro level), a biger context such as an organization (meso level) or a very big context such as a country or global subculture (macro level). In the given context, a certain form of categorism may be more or less maginalized or more or less hegemonic. When certain people are stuck in a context where categorism against them (through a category they are identified as) is widespread or even hegemonic, it can be reasonable to count these people as being [[oppression|oppressed]].

==[[Foci of categorism]]==
When people do categorism, they do it focused on a certain categorization of people. Such specific foci of categorism are commonly known by names such as '''[[Racism]]''' (when it's based on a categorization of &quot;race&quot;, skin-color or ethnic background), '''[[Sexism]]''' (when it's based on a categorization of sex/gender) or '''[[Homophobia]]''' (when it's targeting homosexuals and to some extent other LGBTQ+ people). Note that the categorism model distinguishes between categorism and [[kyriarchy]]: Thus distinguishing between racism and [[kyriarchy#Colonialism|colonialism]] as well as distinguishing between sexism and [[kyriarchy#Patriarchy|patriarchy]]. Categorism and kyriarchy are to a large extent intertwined, but they are not the same thing: While kyriarchy is systems of social/socioeconomic power (whether unfair/oppressive or otherwise), categorism is systems of prejudice/bigotry/discrimination (which any unfair/oppressive system requires to justify and perpetuate itself).</text>
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